TVS - Diodes

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
ESDA8V2-1J STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 5V 20V SOD323	0
BZW06-15RL STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 15.3V 32.5V DO15	0
SMB15F58A STMicroelectronics	1500 W, 58 V TVS IN SMB FLAT	0
SM6T15CAY STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 12.8V 27.2V SMB	24
ESDA6V1-4BC6 STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 3V SOT23-6	17851
SMBJ48A-TR STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 48V 100V SMB	8789
SMA4F85A STMicroelectronics	400 W 85 V TVS IN SMA FLAT	9948
DALC112S1RL STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 15V 8SOIC	7312
SMA6J188A-TR STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 188V 323V SMA	12668
SMB15F12A STMicroelectronics	1500 W, 12 V TVS IN SMB FLAT	0
ESDA7P60-1U1M STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 5V 11.6V 1610	62472
SMA6J28A-TR STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 28V 51.6V SMA	2141
SMAJ58CA-TR STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 58V 121V SMA	0
ESDZV5-1BU2 STMicroelectronics	ULTRA LOW CLAMPING SINGLE LINE B	0
1.5KE400ARL STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 342V 706V DO201	143
SMB6F58A STMicroelectronics	600 W, 58 V TVS IN SMB FLAT	0
SM15T15CAY STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 12.8V 27.2V SMC	0
SMA4F11A STMicroelectronics	400 W TVS IN SMA FLAT	9445
SMA6F28A STMicroelectronics	600 W TVS IN SMA FLAT	0
SMC30J18A STMicroelectronics	TVS DIODE 18V 29.2V SMC	0

TVS - Diodes

1. Overview

Transient Voltage Suppression (TVS) Diodes are semiconductor devices designed to protect sensitive electronics from voltage spikes caused by ESD (electrostatic discharge), lightning, or switching events. By clamping transient voltages to safe levels, TVS diodes ensure circuit reliability in modern electronic systems. Their fast response time (<1ps) and low clamping voltage make them critical components in high-speed data lines, power supplies, and automotive electronics.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Features	Application Examples
Unidirectional TVS	Single-polarity protection, asymmetrical voltage response	DC power lines, automotive systems
Bidirectional TVS	Symmetrical protection for AC signals	Telecom interfaces (e.g., RJ45), USB 3.0	Multichannel TVS	Multiple protection paths in single package	HDMI ports, DisplayPort interfaces	Automotive TVS	AEC-Q101 qualified, high surge capability	ECU modules, CAN bus protection

3. Structure and Composition

TVS diodes utilize a PN junction semiconductor structure with optimized doping profiles. Key components include:

Silicon epitaxial layer for precise voltage control
Passivation layer (SiO2/Nitride) to reduce leakage current
Backside metallization for low-inductance packaging
DO-214, SOD-123, or WCSP packaging variants

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Breakdown Voltage (Vbr)	Minimum voltage where TVS activates	Determines protection threshold
Clamping Voltage (Vc)	Max voltage during transient event	Must be below protected IC's max rating
Peak Pulse Current (Ipp)	Maximum surge current handling	Defines robustness against large transients
Response Time (tresp)	Time to switch from off to on state	Crucial for ESD protection (typically <1ps)
Leakage Current (Ir)	Off-state current at working voltage	Impacts power efficiency

5. Application Areas

Major industries and typical equipment:

Telecommunications: 5G base stations, optical transceivers
Automotive: CAN/LIN bus protection, ADAS sensors
Industrial: PLCs, motor drives
Consumer Electronics: USB Type-C interfaces, Wi-Fi modules
Renewable Energy: Solar inverters, wind turbine controllers

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Product Series	Key Features
Littelfuse	SP301x Series	USB 3.1 Gen2 protection, 0.35pF capacitance
ON Semiconductor	NUP41060	6-channel ESD protection, 30kV HBM
STMicroelectronics	ESDA8401	Automotive-grade, 150A surge rating
Infineon	ESD320	Single-line protection, 0.25pF for HDMI 2.1

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations:

Operating voltage must be below Vbr (typically 1.1 Voper)
Clamping voltage should stay under protected IC's maximum ratings
Packaging selection based on board space and thermal requirements
Environmental factors: temperature range, humidity resistance
Compliance with standards (IEC 61000-4-2, ISO 10605)

Example: For a 12V automotive circuit, select a bidirectional TVS with Vbr=15V, Vc<30V, and Ipp>50A to handle load dump events.

8. Industry Trends

Key development directions:

Miniaturization: 0201 package (0.6 0.3mm) for mobile devices
Integration: Combo devices with filters and shielding
Higher robustness: 40kV+ ESD protection for industrial IoT
Advanced materials: Silicon carbide (SiC) for high-temperature applications
AI-driven selection tools for optimized component matching