Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC), Supercapacitors

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
FS0H105ZF KEMET	CAP 1F -20% +80% 5.5V T/H	30
SCMR22G105SRBA0 Elco (AVX)	CAP 1F -10% +30% 7.5V T/H	0
BZ054B473ZNBIN Elco (AVX)	CAP 47MF -20% +80% 4.5V SMD	2290
LIC1840RS3R8107 TAIYO YUDEN	CAP LITHIUM ION 100F 15% 3.8V TH	114
TPLC-3R8/30MR8X25 Tecate Group	CAP HYBRID 30F 3.8V T/H	245
DZ-2R5D105G4T Elna America	CAP 1F -20% +80% 2.5V T/H	604
JJC0E207MELC Nichicon	CAP 200F 20% 2.5V T/H	0
207DCN2R7M Cornell Dubilier Electronics	CAP 200F 20% 2.7V T/H	0
MAL222591001E3 Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	CAP 40F -20% +50% 2.7V T/H	0
SCCS25B705PRB Elco (AVX)	CAPACITOR 7F 0% +100% 2.7V T/H	0
BZ023A564ZAB Elco (AVX)	CAP 560MF -20% +80% 3.6V T/H	0
FE0H105ZF KEMET	CAP 1F -20% +80% 5.5V T/H	63
MAL223531008E3 Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	CAP ALUM 50F 3V 2000H	0
VMF406M3R8 Cornell Dubilier Electronics	CAP EDLC LITH 3.8V 40F 10X16	387400
LP08152R7245 TAIYO YUDEN	CAP 2.4F 20% 2.7V T/H	0
SCMR22F155PRBA0 Elco (AVX)	CAPACITOR 1.5F 0% +100% 5.5V T/H	5129
BZ15FB153ZNB Elco (AVX)	BESTCAP	0
SCAP,PBL-11.0/5.4 Tecate Group	CAP 11F 5.4V THROUGH HOLE UCAP	0
PM-5R0V474-R PowerStor (Eaton)	CAP 470MF -20% +80% 5V T/H	4661
MAL223091008E3 Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	CAP 50F -20% +50% 3V T/H	75

Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC), Supercapacitors

1. Overview

Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC), commonly referred to as supercapacitors, are electrochemical energy storage devices that bridge the gap between conventional capacitors and batteries. They store energy through electrostatic charge separation at the electrode-electrolyte interface, offering high power density, rapid charge/discharge cycles, and exceptional cycle life (up to 1 million cycles). Their importance in modern technology lies in enabling energy-efficient systems for applications requiring burst power, energy recovery, and backup power solutions.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Features	Application Examples
EDLC (Carbon-based)	High power density, long cycle life, low energy density	Regenerative braking systems, UPS
Pseudocapacitors	Higher energy density via redox reactions, moderate cycle life	Portable electronics, grid energy storage
Hybrid Supercapacitors	Combines EDLC and battery materials for balanced energy/power density	Electric vehicles, renewable energy systems

3. Structure and Composition

A typical supercapacitor consists of two activated carbon electrodes separated by a porous membrane, immersed in an electrolyte (aqueous, organic, or ionic liquid). The electrodes are coated on current collectors (usually aluminum foil), and the entire assembly is enclosed in a hermetically sealed metal or polymer casing. Advanced designs incorporate graphene or carbon nanotubes to enhance surface area and conductivity.

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description & Importance
Capacitance (F)	Determines charge storage capacity (range: 1 F to 5000 F)
Rated Voltage (V)	Limits operational voltage (2.5 V 3.0 V per cell)
Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR)	Affects power delivery efficiency (low ESR enables high pulse currents)
Energy Density (Wh/kg)	Typical range: 5 50 Wh/kg
Power Density (kW/kg)	Typical range: 1 10 kW/kg
Cycle Life	Exceeds 100,000 cycles with minimal degradation

5. Application Fields

Consumer Electronics: Smart meters, LED flashlights
Automotive: Start-stop systems, kinetic energy recovery systems (KERS)
Industrial: Robotics, backup power for PLCs
Renewable Energy: Solar/wind energy storage, grid frequency regulation
Transportation: Trams, buses, and hybrid vehicles

6. Leading Manufacturers and Representative Products

Manufacturer	Product Series	Key Specifications
Maxwell Technologies (Tesla)	BoostCap BC Series	10 F 3400 F, 2.7 V, ESR < 0.5 m
Panasonic	Gold Capacitor Series	5 F 1000 F, 3.0 V, 10-year lifespan
Skeleton Technologies	SkelCap Series	1200 F 5000 F, 2.85 V, 40 kW/kg power density
Samsung SDI
Supercapacitor Modules	50 F 2000 F, automotive-grade durability

7. Selection Recommendations

Key considerations include:

Application Requirements: Prioritize power density for pulse applications or energy density for long-duration backup
Voltage Matching: Use cell-balancing circuits for multi-cell stacks
Operating Environment: Select electrolytes suitable for temperature extremes (e.g., ionic liquids for -40 C to 85 C)
Lifetime Cost: Evaluate cycle life versus initial cost (e.g., EDLCs outlast batteries in cycling applications)

Industry Trends and Future Outlook

Emerging trends include:

Development of graphene-based electrodes to double energy density
Integration with IoT devices for smart energy management
Growth in automotive applications driven by EV and 48V micro-hybrid systems
Adoption of aqueous electrolytes for safer, low-cost energy storage
Hybrid supercapacitor-battery systems for renewable energy grids

The global supercapacitor market is projected to grow at 20% CAGR (2023 2030), driven by demand in transportation and renewable energy sectors.