Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
NEH47M100DC NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 47UF 20% 100V AXIAL	442
NPA2.2M50 NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 2.2UF 20% 50V AXIAL	182
NEHH3.3M350CB NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 3.3UF 350V AXIAL	3
NEV3300M10FG NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 3300UF 20% 10V RADIAL	1276
NPA22M25 NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 22UF 20% 25V AXIAL	1446
MSC125V460 NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 460UF 125V QC TERM	148
MSC125V72 NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 72UF 125V QC TERM	48
VHT820M16 NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 820UF 20% 16V RADIAL	793
NEH150M6.3 NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 150UF 20% 6.3V AXIAL	723
VHT220M6.3 NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 220UF 20% 6.3V RADIAL	641
VHT4.7M25 NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 4.7UF 20% 25V RADIAL	587
VHT47M450 NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 47UF 20% 450V RADIAL	230
NEHH10M450ED NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 10UF 450V AXIAL	512
MSC250V540 NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 540UF 250V RADIAL CAN	16
VHT680M10 NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 680UF 20% 10V RADIAL	566
VHT2200M35 NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 2200UF 20% 35V RADIAL	289
MSC125V708 NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 708UF 125V QC TERM	40
MSC330V30 NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 30UF 330V QC TERM	37
VHT1M50 NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP ALUM 1UF 20% 50V RADIAL	430
NPA470M16 NTE Electronics, Inc.	CAP-470MF 16V AXIAL	400

Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

1. Overview

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are polarized capacitors using an aluminum oxide layer as the dielectric medium. They consist of an aluminum anode, electrolyte solution, and cathode. These capacitors offer high capacitance values (1 F-2.7F) with relatively compact size, making them essential components in power supply filtering, signal decoupling, and energy storage applications. Their evolution has enabled miniaturization in electronics while maintaining performance in harsh environments.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Radial Lead Type	Vertical mounting with dual leads	Consumer electronics power supplies
SMD Type	Surface-mount design for PCB integration	Computer motherboards
Stud Mount Type	High-current screw terminal design	Industrial inverters
Bi-polar Type	Able to withstand reverse voltage	Motor drive circuits

3. Structure and Composition

Typical construction includes: - Anode Foil: High-purity aluminum with etched surface (100-600m /m effective area) - Dielectric Layer: 0.1-0.8 m thick aluminum oxide (Al O ) - Electrolyte: Ammonium borate solution in organic solvent - Cathode Foil: 50-100 m aluminum sheet - Separator Paper: 50 m thick kraft paper soaked in electrolyte - Aluminum Case: 0.5-2.0mm thick stamped enclosure

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Capacitance (C)	1 F-2.7F (120Hz measurement)	Determines filtering effectiveness
Rated Voltage (UR)	6.3V-630V DC working range	Failure risk above limit
ESR	5m -1.5 at 100kHz	Affects switching performance
Ripple Current	100mA-5A RMS	Lifetime predictor
Leakage Current	0.01C UR A maximum	Power efficiency factor
Operating Temp	-55 C to +150 C range	Reliability indicator

5. Application Fields

Power Electronics: Switching power supplies, UPS systems
Consumer Devices: TVs, gaming consoles, LED lighting
Industrial: Variable frequency drives, welding machines
Automotive: On-board chargers, ADAS systems
Renewables: Solar inverters, wind turbine converters

6. Leading Manufacturers

Manufacturer	Headquarters	Representative Product
Nichicon	Japan	UPW Series (105 C, 2000h)
Rubycon	Japan	ZL Series (Low ESR 4m )
United Chemi-Con	USA	KXJ Series (630V rating)
Samxon	Taiwan	EEU-FR Series (Conductive polymer hybrid)

7. Selection Guidelines

Consider these factors: - Required capacitance tolerance ( 20% standard) - Voltage derating (select 1.25 operating voltage) - Temperature range (automotive requires -40 C to +150 C) - Vibration resistance (screw-terminal better than SMD) - Lifetime calculation: Lx = L0 (T0/ T) (UR/UX) - RoHS compliance for environmental regulations

Industry Trends

Current developments include: - Conductive polymer hybrid capacitors (30% ESR reduction) - Nanoscale dielectric engineering (<0.1 m oxide layers) - AI-driven lifetime prediction models - Bio-compatible electrolyte formulations - 4D printing of anode structures - Integration with PCB substrates

Application Case

In a 3kW server power supply, 4x 450V/470 F capacitors in parallel provide 2220 F total capacitance with 14Arms ripple current handling. The design uses Nichicon U3 series devices with 6.5mm lead spacing, operating at 120 C with 95% voltage derating, achieving 8000-hour MTBF.