Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
UPJ1C221MPD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 220UF 20% 16V RADIAL	1458
UCD1J101MNL1GS Nichicon	CAP ALUM 100UF 20% 63V SMD	0
UEP0J470MDD1TA Nichicon	CAP ALUM 47UF 20% 6.3V RADIAL	0
UVK1J101MPD1TD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 100UF 20% 63V RADIAL	0
UVZ1C472MHD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 4700UF 20% 16V RADIAL	326
UPT2D681MRD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 680UF 20% 200V RADIAL	230
UPS0J330MDD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 33UF 20% 6.3V RADIAL	0
UMP1A100MDD1TP Nichicon	CAP ALUM 10UF 20% 10V RADIAL	0
UPW2A330MPD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 33UF 20% 100V RADIAL	3943
UKL1V220KEDANATD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 22UF 20% 35V RADIAL	1079
UVZ2G4R7MPD1TD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 4.7UF 20% 400V RADIAL	206
UPT2P681MRD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 680UF 20% 220V RADIAL	137
UPA1A122MPD1TD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 1200UF 20% 10V RADIAL	1320
LGN2X680MELB30 Nichicon	CAP ALUM 68UF 20% 600V SNAP	0
USF0J330MDD1TP Nichicon	CAP ALUM 33UF 20% 6.3V RADIAL	0
UHV0J122MPD1TD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 1200UF 20% 6.3V RADIAL	0
UPW1E221MPD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 220UF 20% 25V RADIAL	4566
UUX1C221MNL6GS Nichicon	CAP ALUM 220UF 20% 16V SMD	39
USR1V470MDD1TA Nichicon	CAP ALUM 47UF 20% 35V RADIAL	0
UEP1H2R2MDD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 2.2UF 20% 50V RADIAL	0

Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

1. Overview

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are polarized capacitors using an aluminum oxide layer as the dielectric medium. They consist of an aluminum anode, electrolyte solution, and cathode. These capacitors offer high capacitance values (1 F-2.7F) with relatively compact size, making them essential components in power supply filtering, signal decoupling, and energy storage applications. Their evolution has enabled miniaturization in electronics while maintaining performance in harsh environments.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Radial Lead Type	Vertical mounting with dual leads	Consumer electronics power supplies
SMD Type	Surface-mount design for PCB integration	Computer motherboards
Stud Mount Type	High-current screw terminal design	Industrial inverters
Bi-polar Type	Able to withstand reverse voltage	Motor drive circuits

3. Structure and Composition

Typical construction includes: - Anode Foil: High-purity aluminum with etched surface (100-600m /m effective area) - Dielectric Layer: 0.1-0.8 m thick aluminum oxide (Al O ) - Electrolyte: Ammonium borate solution in organic solvent - Cathode Foil: 50-100 m aluminum sheet - Separator Paper: 50 m thick kraft paper soaked in electrolyte - Aluminum Case: 0.5-2.0mm thick stamped enclosure

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Capacitance (C)	1 F-2.7F (120Hz measurement)	Determines filtering effectiveness
Rated Voltage (UR)	6.3V-630V DC working range	Failure risk above limit
ESR	5m -1.5 at 100kHz	Affects switching performance
Ripple Current	100mA-5A RMS	Lifetime predictor
Leakage Current	0.01C UR A maximum	Power efficiency factor
Operating Temp	-55 C to +150 C range	Reliability indicator

5. Application Fields

Power Electronics: Switching power supplies, UPS systems
Consumer Devices: TVs, gaming consoles, LED lighting
Industrial: Variable frequency drives, welding machines
Automotive: On-board chargers, ADAS systems
Renewables: Solar inverters, wind turbine converters

6. Leading Manufacturers

Manufacturer	Headquarters	Representative Product
Nichicon	Japan	UPW Series (105 C, 2000h)
Rubycon	Japan	ZL Series (Low ESR 4m )
United Chemi-Con	USA	KXJ Series (630V rating)
Samxon	Taiwan	EEU-FR Series (Conductive polymer hybrid)

7. Selection Guidelines

Consider these factors: - Required capacitance tolerance ( 20% standard) - Voltage derating (select 1.25 operating voltage) - Temperature range (automotive requires -40 C to +150 C) - Vibration resistance (screw-terminal better than SMD) - Lifetime calculation: Lx = L0 (T0/ T) (UR/UX) - RoHS compliance for environmental regulations

Industry Trends

Current developments include: - Conductive polymer hybrid capacitors (30% ESR reduction) - Nanoscale dielectric engineering (<0.1 m oxide layers) - AI-driven lifetime prediction models - Bio-compatible electrolyte formulations - 4D printing of anode structures - Integration with PCB substrates

Application Case

In a 3kW server power supply, 4x 450V/470 F capacitors in parallel provide 2220 F total capacitance with 14Arms ripple current handling. The design uses Nichicon U3 series devices with 6.5mm lead spacing, operating at 120 C with 95% voltage derating, achieving 8000-hour MTBF.