Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
USP1HR47MDD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 0.47UF 20% 50V RADIAL	263
UPM1C181MED1TA Nichicon	CAP ALUM 180UF 20% 16V RADIAL	0
UKL0J222MHD1TO Nichicon	CAP ALUM 2200UF 20% 6.3V RADIAL	1752
UVR2C330MPD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 33UF 20% 160V RADIAL	68
ULD2E2R2MED1TD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 2.2UF 20% 250V RADIAL	867
UVK2E4R7MED1TD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 4.7UF 20% 250V RADIAL	0
UVK2W100MPD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 10UF 20% 450V RADIAL	0
UFG1J471MHM1TN Nichicon	CAP ALUM 470UF 20% 63V RADIAL	193
URS1A221MDD1TA Nichicon	CAP ALUM 220UF 20% 10V RADIAL	0
UMP1H2R2MDD1TE Nichicon	CAP ALUM 2.2UF 20% 50V RADIAL	0
UPW1H331MPD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 330UF 20% 50V RADIAL	11631
UVY2D100MPD1TA Nichicon	CAP ALUM 10UF 20% 200V RADIAL	0
URS2G330MHD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 33UF 20% 400V RADIAL	0
UVR1A101MDD1TD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 100UF 20% 10V RADIAL	1522
UVZ1C471MPD1TA Nichicon	CAP ALUM 470UF 20% 16V RADIAL	2504
URZ1V102MHD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 1000UF 20% 35V RADIAL	1899
UUE1C471MNS1MS Nichicon	CAP ALUM 470UF 20% 16V SMD	882
LGU2Z122MELA Nichicon	CAP ALUM 1200UF 20% 180V SNAP	248
USR1H100MDD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 10UF 20% 50V RADIAL	4880
UHV1A471MPD1TA Nichicon	CAP ALUM 470UF 20% 10V RADIAL	0

Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

1. Overview

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are polarized capacitors using an aluminum oxide layer as the dielectric medium. They consist of an aluminum anode, electrolyte solution, and cathode. These capacitors offer high capacitance values (1 F-2.7F) with relatively compact size, making them essential components in power supply filtering, signal decoupling, and energy storage applications. Their evolution has enabled miniaturization in electronics while maintaining performance in harsh environments.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Radial Lead Type	Vertical mounting with dual leads	Consumer electronics power supplies
SMD Type	Surface-mount design for PCB integration	Computer motherboards
Stud Mount Type	High-current screw terminal design	Industrial inverters
Bi-polar Type	Able to withstand reverse voltage	Motor drive circuits

3. Structure and Composition

Typical construction includes: - Anode Foil: High-purity aluminum with etched surface (100-600m /m effective area) - Dielectric Layer: 0.1-0.8 m thick aluminum oxide (Al O ) - Electrolyte: Ammonium borate solution in organic solvent - Cathode Foil: 50-100 m aluminum sheet - Separator Paper: 50 m thick kraft paper soaked in electrolyte - Aluminum Case: 0.5-2.0mm thick stamped enclosure

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Capacitance (C)	1 F-2.7F (120Hz measurement)	Determines filtering effectiveness
Rated Voltage (UR)	6.3V-630V DC working range	Failure risk above limit
ESR	5m -1.5 at 100kHz	Affects switching performance
Ripple Current	100mA-5A RMS	Lifetime predictor
Leakage Current	0.01C UR A maximum	Power efficiency factor
Operating Temp	-55 C to +150 C range	Reliability indicator

5. Application Fields

Power Electronics: Switching power supplies, UPS systems
Consumer Devices: TVs, gaming consoles, LED lighting
Industrial: Variable frequency drives, welding machines
Automotive: On-board chargers, ADAS systems
Renewables: Solar inverters, wind turbine converters

6. Leading Manufacturers

Manufacturer	Headquarters	Representative Product
Nichicon	Japan	UPW Series (105 C, 2000h)
Rubycon	Japan	ZL Series (Low ESR 4m )
United Chemi-Con	USA	KXJ Series (630V rating)
Samxon	Taiwan	EEU-FR Series (Conductive polymer hybrid)

7. Selection Guidelines

Consider these factors: - Required capacitance tolerance ( 20% standard) - Voltage derating (select 1.25 operating voltage) - Temperature range (automotive requires -40 C to +150 C) - Vibration resistance (screw-terminal better than SMD) - Lifetime calculation: Lx = L0 (T0/ T) (UR/UX) - RoHS compliance for environmental regulations

Industry Trends

Current developments include: - Conductive polymer hybrid capacitors (30% ESR reduction) - Nanoscale dielectric engineering (<0.1 m oxide layers) - AI-driven lifetime prediction models - Bio-compatible electrolyte formulations - 4D printing of anode structures - Integration with PCB substrates

Application Case

In a 3kW server power supply, 4x 450V/470 F capacitors in parallel provide 2220 F total capacitance with 14Arms ripple current handling. The design uses Nichicon U3 series devices with 6.5mm lead spacing, operating at 120 C with 95% voltage derating, achieving 8000-hour MTBF.