Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
860130675007 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP 220 UF 20% 50 V	124
865080645009 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP 27 UF 20% 50 V	537
860010380026 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP 5600 UF 20% 16 V	230
865090640006 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP 2.2 UF 20% 50 V	0
860130473003 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP 47 UF 20% 25 V	420
860010675020 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP 470 UF 20% 50 V	470
860010375016 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP 820 UF 20% 16 V	83
860080574011 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP ALUM 220UF 20% 35V THRU HOLE	40
860240674004 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP 33 UF 20% 50 V	348
860160275025 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP 680 UF 20% 10 V	92
861221483006 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP ALUM 180UF 20% 450V SNAP	0
865080649011 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP 33 UF 20% 50 V	313
865080557015 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP 330 UF 20% 35 V	24
865060663013 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP 470 UF 20% 50 V	249
860010275016 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP 1000 UF 20% 10 V	221
860010274012 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP 560 UF 20% 10 V	540
861221484008 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP ALUM 120UF 20% 450V SNAP	76
860040672001 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP 22 UF 20% 50 V	1774
861011484012 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP ALUM 180UF 20% 450V SNAP	0
860160675025 Würth Elektronik Midcom	CAP 180 UF 20% 50 V	99

Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

1. Overview

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are polarized capacitors using an aluminum oxide layer as the dielectric medium. They consist of an aluminum anode, electrolyte solution, and cathode. These capacitors offer high capacitance values (1 F-2.7F) with relatively compact size, making them essential components in power supply filtering, signal decoupling, and energy storage applications. Their evolution has enabled miniaturization in electronics while maintaining performance in harsh environments.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Radial Lead Type	Vertical mounting with dual leads	Consumer electronics power supplies
SMD Type	Surface-mount design for PCB integration	Computer motherboards
Stud Mount Type	High-current screw terminal design	Industrial inverters
Bi-polar Type	Able to withstand reverse voltage	Motor drive circuits

3. Structure and Composition

Typical construction includes: - Anode Foil: High-purity aluminum with etched surface (100-600m /m effective area) - Dielectric Layer: 0.1-0.8 m thick aluminum oxide (Al O ) - Electrolyte: Ammonium borate solution in organic solvent - Cathode Foil: 50-100 m aluminum sheet - Separator Paper: 50 m thick kraft paper soaked in electrolyte - Aluminum Case: 0.5-2.0mm thick stamped enclosure

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Capacitance (C)	1 F-2.7F (120Hz measurement)	Determines filtering effectiveness
Rated Voltage (UR)	6.3V-630V DC working range	Failure risk above limit
ESR	5m -1.5 at 100kHz	Affects switching performance
Ripple Current	100mA-5A RMS	Lifetime predictor
Leakage Current	0.01C UR A maximum	Power efficiency factor
Operating Temp	-55 C to +150 C range	Reliability indicator

5. Application Fields

Power Electronics: Switching power supplies, UPS systems
Consumer Devices: TVs, gaming consoles, LED lighting
Industrial: Variable frequency drives, welding machines
Automotive: On-board chargers, ADAS systems
Renewables: Solar inverters, wind turbine converters

6. Leading Manufacturers

Manufacturer	Headquarters	Representative Product
Nichicon	Japan	UPW Series (105 C, 2000h)
Rubycon	Japan	ZL Series (Low ESR 4m )
United Chemi-Con	USA	KXJ Series (630V rating)
Samxon	Taiwan	EEU-FR Series (Conductive polymer hybrid)

7. Selection Guidelines

Consider these factors: - Required capacitance tolerance ( 20% standard) - Voltage derating (select 1.25 operating voltage) - Temperature range (automotive requires -40 C to +150 C) - Vibration resistance (screw-terminal better than SMD) - Lifetime calculation: Lx = L0 (T0/ T) (UR/UX) - RoHS compliance for environmental regulations

Industry Trends

Current developments include: - Conductive polymer hybrid capacitors (30% ESR reduction) - Nanoscale dielectric engineering (<0.1 m oxide layers) - AI-driven lifetime prediction models - Bio-compatible electrolyte formulations - 4D printing of anode structures - Integration with PCB substrates

Application Case

In a 3kW server power supply, 4x 450V/470 F capacitors in parallel provide 2220 F total capacitance with 14Arms ripple current handling. The design uses Nichicon U3 series devices with 6.5mm lead spacing, operating at 120 C with 95% voltage derating, achieving 8000-hour MTBF.