Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
EMVH350ARA471MKG5S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 470UF 20% 35V SMD	205
EGPA350ELL222ML30S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 2200UF 20% 35V RADIAL	1113
ELXS181VSN152MQ50S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 1500UF 20% 180V SNAP	0
EMZA6R3ADA221MF61G United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 220UF 20% 6.3V SMD	320
EGXL250ETD221MJC5S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 220UF 20% 25V RADIAL	0
EMZJ250ADA331MHA0G United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 330UF 20% 25V SMD	455
EGPA500ELL102MM20S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 1000UF 20% 50V RADIAL	1336
EMVE101GDA221MLN0S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 220UF 20% 100V SMD	0
EKXJ421ELL820MU45S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 82UF 20% 420V RADIAL	0
EKMH350VNN103MQ40S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 10000UF 20% 35V SNAP	0
ELXZ630ELL390MF15D United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 39UF 20% 63V RADIAL	0
EKXF451ELL470MM25S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 47UF 20% 450V RADIAL TH	112
ELXZ250ELL222MM20S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 2200UF 20% 25V RADIAL	401
ELXM451VSN820MP35S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 82UF 20% 450V SNAP	0
EKMS421VSN121MQ25S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 120UF 20% 420V SNAP	0
EGXF101ELL331ML25S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 330UF 20% 100V RAD TH	392
ESMQ351VSN151MP25S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 150UF 20% 350V SNAP	263
EKMS451VSN221MR30S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 220UF 20% 450V SNAP	0
EKXG201ELL221MM25S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 220UF 20% 200V RADIAL	2064
EGXF500ELL132MU30S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 1300UF 20% 50V RAD TH	0

Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

1. Overview

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are polarized capacitors using an aluminum oxide layer as the dielectric medium. They consist of an aluminum anode, electrolyte solution, and cathode. These capacitors offer high capacitance values (1 F-2.7F) with relatively compact size, making them essential components in power supply filtering, signal decoupling, and energy storage applications. Their evolution has enabled miniaturization in electronics while maintaining performance in harsh environments.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Radial Lead Type	Vertical mounting with dual leads	Consumer electronics power supplies
SMD Type	Surface-mount design for PCB integration	Computer motherboards
Stud Mount Type	High-current screw terminal design	Industrial inverters
Bi-polar Type	Able to withstand reverse voltage	Motor drive circuits

3. Structure and Composition

Typical construction includes: - Anode Foil: High-purity aluminum with etched surface (100-600m /m effective area) - Dielectric Layer: 0.1-0.8 m thick aluminum oxide (Al O ) - Electrolyte: Ammonium borate solution in organic solvent - Cathode Foil: 50-100 m aluminum sheet - Separator Paper: 50 m thick kraft paper soaked in electrolyte - Aluminum Case: 0.5-2.0mm thick stamped enclosure

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Capacitance (C)	1 F-2.7F (120Hz measurement)	Determines filtering effectiveness
Rated Voltage (UR)	6.3V-630V DC working range	Failure risk above limit
ESR	5m -1.5 at 100kHz	Affects switching performance
Ripple Current	100mA-5A RMS	Lifetime predictor
Leakage Current	0.01C UR A maximum	Power efficiency factor
Operating Temp	-55 C to +150 C range	Reliability indicator

5. Application Fields

Power Electronics: Switching power supplies, UPS systems
Consumer Devices: TVs, gaming consoles, LED lighting
Industrial: Variable frequency drives, welding machines
Automotive: On-board chargers, ADAS systems
Renewables: Solar inverters, wind turbine converters

6. Leading Manufacturers

Manufacturer	Headquarters	Representative Product
Nichicon	Japan	UPW Series (105 C, 2000h)
Rubycon	Japan	ZL Series (Low ESR 4m )
United Chemi-Con	USA	KXJ Series (630V rating)
Samxon	Taiwan	EEU-FR Series (Conductive polymer hybrid)

7. Selection Guidelines

Consider these factors: - Required capacitance tolerance ( 20% standard) - Voltage derating (select 1.25 operating voltage) - Temperature range (automotive requires -40 C to +150 C) - Vibration resistance (screw-terminal better than SMD) - Lifetime calculation: Lx = L0 (T0/ T) (UR/UX) - RoHS compliance for environmental regulations

Industry Trends

Current developments include: - Conductive polymer hybrid capacitors (30% ESR reduction) - Nanoscale dielectric engineering (<0.1 m oxide layers) - AI-driven lifetime prediction models - Bio-compatible electrolyte formulations - 4D printing of anode structures - Integration with PCB substrates

Application Case

In a 3kW server power supply, 4x 450V/470 F capacitors in parallel provide 2220 F total capacitance with 14Arms ripple current handling. The design uses Nichicon U3 series devices with 6.5mm lead spacing, operating at 120 C with 95% voltage derating, achieving 8000-hour MTBF.