Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
XAL50V22 TubeDepot	CAP ALUM 22UF 50V XICON	50
CP-JJ-50X2-500V TubeDepot	CAP FILM 50UF 500V CAN	0
CP-CE-30-20X3-525V TubeDepot	CE USA 30FX20FX20FX20UF / 525V	0
CP-CE-30X3-10-475V TubeDepot	CE USA 30FX30FX30FX10UF / 475V	5
CP-JJ-350-385V TubeDepot	CAP ALUM 350UF 385V RADIAL CAN	0
CP-AT-16-475V TubeDepot	SPRAGUE ATOM 16UF / 475V	88
CP-AT-25-25V TubeDepot	SPRAGUE ATOM 25UF / 25V	66
CP-FT-220-300V TubeDepot	CAP ALUM 220UF 300V F&T GERMANY	8
CP-ST-330-16V TubeDepot	CAP SUNTAN 330UF / 16V	4463
CP-FT-22-500V TubeDepot	CAP ALUM 22UF 500V F&T GERMANY	0
CP-JJ-550-385V TubeDepot	CAP ALUM 550UF 385V RADIAL CAN	8
CP-FT-16-475V TubeDepot	CAP ALUM 16UF 475V F&T GERMANY	67
CP-AT-20-500V TubeDepot	SPRAGUE ATOM 20UF / 500V	77
CP-CE-80-40-30-20-525V TubeDepot	CE USA 80FX40FX30FX20UF / 525V	5
CP-AT-100-100V TubeDepot	SPRAGUE ATOM 100UF / 100V	35
CP-AT-8-150V TubeDepot	SPRAGUE ATOM 8UF / 150V	99
CP-CE-20X4-475V TubeDepot	CE USA 20ΜFX20ΜFX20ΜFX20ΜF/475V	7
CP-AT-100-450V TubeDepot	SPRAGUE ATOM 100UF / 450V	40
CP-JJ-40-20X3-500V TubeDepot	CAP ALUM 500V	2
CP-AT-10-500V TubeDepot	SPRAGUE ATOM 10UF / 500V	13

Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

1. Overview

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are polarized capacitors using an aluminum oxide layer as the dielectric medium. They consist of an aluminum anode, electrolyte solution, and cathode. These capacitors offer high capacitance values (1 F-2.7F) with relatively compact size, making them essential components in power supply filtering, signal decoupling, and energy storage applications. Their evolution has enabled miniaturization in electronics while maintaining performance in harsh environments.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Radial Lead Type	Vertical mounting with dual leads	Consumer electronics power supplies
SMD Type	Surface-mount design for PCB integration	Computer motherboards
Stud Mount Type	High-current screw terminal design	Industrial inverters
Bi-polar Type	Able to withstand reverse voltage	Motor drive circuits

3. Structure and Composition

Typical construction includes: - Anode Foil: High-purity aluminum with etched surface (100-600m /m effective area) - Dielectric Layer: 0.1-0.8 m thick aluminum oxide (Al O ) - Electrolyte: Ammonium borate solution in organic solvent - Cathode Foil: 50-100 m aluminum sheet - Separator Paper: 50 m thick kraft paper soaked in electrolyte - Aluminum Case: 0.5-2.0mm thick stamped enclosure

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Capacitance (C)	1 F-2.7F (120Hz measurement)	Determines filtering effectiveness
Rated Voltage (UR)	6.3V-630V DC working range	Failure risk above limit
ESR	5m -1.5 at 100kHz	Affects switching performance
Ripple Current	100mA-5A RMS	Lifetime predictor
Leakage Current	0.01C UR A maximum	Power efficiency factor
Operating Temp	-55 C to +150 C range	Reliability indicator

5. Application Fields

Power Electronics: Switching power supplies, UPS systems
Consumer Devices: TVs, gaming consoles, LED lighting
Industrial: Variable frequency drives, welding machines
Automotive: On-board chargers, ADAS systems
Renewables: Solar inverters, wind turbine converters

6. Leading Manufacturers

Manufacturer	Headquarters	Representative Product
Nichicon	Japan	UPW Series (105 C, 2000h)
Rubycon	Japan	ZL Series (Low ESR 4m )
United Chemi-Con	USA	KXJ Series (630V rating)
Samxon	Taiwan	EEU-FR Series (Conductive polymer hybrid)

7. Selection Guidelines

Consider these factors: - Required capacitance tolerance ( 20% standard) - Voltage derating (select 1.25 operating voltage) - Temperature range (automotive requires -40 C to +150 C) - Vibration resistance (screw-terminal better than SMD) - Lifetime calculation: Lx = L0 (T0/ T) (UR/UX) - RoHS compliance for environmental regulations

Industry Trends

Current developments include: - Conductive polymer hybrid capacitors (30% ESR reduction) - Nanoscale dielectric engineering (<0.1 m oxide layers) - AI-driven lifetime prediction models - Bio-compatible electrolyte formulations - 4D printing of anode structures - Integration with PCB substrates

Application Case

In a 3kW server power supply, 4x 450V/470 F capacitors in parallel provide 2220 F total capacitance with 14Arms ripple current handling. The design uses Nichicon U3 series devices with 6.5mm lead spacing, operating at 120 C with 95% voltage derating, achieving 8000-hour MTBF.