Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
35RX30100M8X11.5 Rubycon	CAP ALUM 100UF 20% 35V RADIAL	0
381LR471M250K022 Cornell Dubilier Electronics	CAP ALUM 470UF 20% 250V SNAP	0
ALS81C752NW450 KEMET	CAP ALUM 7500UF 20% 450V SCREW	0
UPJ1H121MPD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 120UF 20% 50V RADIAL	1444
226CKH100M Cornell Dubilier Electronics	CAP ALUM 22UF 20% 100V THRU HOLE	0
UVR1E330MDD1TD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 33UF 20% 25V RADIAL	513
SLP391M400E4P3 Cornell Dubilier Electronics	CAP ALUM 390UF 20% 400V SNAP	0
226TTA160M Cornell Dubilier Electronics	CAP ALUM 22UF 20% 160V AXIAL	836
UPS2E3R3MPD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 3.3UF 20% 250V RADIAL	0
B43501A477M80 TDK EPCOS	CAP ALUM 470UF 20% 420V SNAP	0
B43540B9397M2 TDK EPCOS	CAP ALUM 390UF 20% 400V SNAP	0
ALS80U434NF025 KEMET	CAP ALUM 430000UF 20% 25V SCREW	0
450HXG390MEFC30X50 Rubycon	CAP ALUM 390UF 20% 450V SNAP	0
EGPA630ELL821ML30S United Chemi-Con	CAP ALUM 820UF 20% 63V RADIAL	0
UVR0J471MED1TD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 470UF 20% 6.3V RADIAL	4294
ALS71H564NP025 KEMET	CAP ALUM 560000UF 20% 25V SCREW	0
UVK0J332MPD1TD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 3300UF 20% 6.3V RADIAL	142
UHE2A121MPD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 120UF 20% 100V RADIAL	1587
MAL214271083E3 Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric	CAP ALUM 1UF 20% 250V RADIAL	0
UKT1C102MPD Nichicon	CAP ALUM 1000UF 20% 16V RADIAL	339

Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors

1. Overview

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are polarized capacitors using an aluminum oxide layer as the dielectric medium. They consist of an aluminum anode, electrolyte solution, and cathode. These capacitors offer high capacitance values (1 F-2.7F) with relatively compact size, making them essential components in power supply filtering, signal decoupling, and energy storage applications. Their evolution has enabled miniaturization in electronics while maintaining performance in harsh environments.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Radial Lead Type	Vertical mounting with dual leads	Consumer electronics power supplies
SMD Type	Surface-mount design for PCB integration	Computer motherboards
Stud Mount Type	High-current screw terminal design	Industrial inverters
Bi-polar Type	Able to withstand reverse voltage	Motor drive circuits

3. Structure and Composition

Typical construction includes: - Anode Foil: High-purity aluminum with etched surface (100-600m /m effective area) - Dielectric Layer: 0.1-0.8 m thick aluminum oxide (Al O ) - Electrolyte: Ammonium borate solution in organic solvent - Cathode Foil: 50-100 m aluminum sheet - Separator Paper: 50 m thick kraft paper soaked in electrolyte - Aluminum Case: 0.5-2.0mm thick stamped enclosure

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Capacitance (C)	1 F-2.7F (120Hz measurement)	Determines filtering effectiveness
Rated Voltage (UR)	6.3V-630V DC working range	Failure risk above limit
ESR	5m -1.5 at 100kHz	Affects switching performance
Ripple Current	100mA-5A RMS	Lifetime predictor
Leakage Current	0.01C UR A maximum	Power efficiency factor
Operating Temp	-55 C to +150 C range	Reliability indicator

5. Application Fields

Power Electronics: Switching power supplies, UPS systems
Consumer Devices: TVs, gaming consoles, LED lighting
Industrial: Variable frequency drives, welding machines
Automotive: On-board chargers, ADAS systems
Renewables: Solar inverters, wind turbine converters

6. Leading Manufacturers

Manufacturer	Headquarters	Representative Product
Nichicon	Japan	UPW Series (105 C, 2000h)
Rubycon	Japan	ZL Series (Low ESR 4m )
United Chemi-Con	USA	KXJ Series (630V rating)
Samxon	Taiwan	EEU-FR Series (Conductive polymer hybrid)

7. Selection Guidelines

Consider these factors: - Required capacitance tolerance ( 20% standard) - Voltage derating (select 1.25 operating voltage) - Temperature range (automotive requires -40 C to +150 C) - Vibration resistance (screw-terminal better than SMD) - Lifetime calculation: Lx = L0 (T0/ T) (UR/UX) - RoHS compliance for environmental regulations

Industry Trends

Current developments include: - Conductive polymer hybrid capacitors (30% ESR reduction) - Nanoscale dielectric engineering (<0.1 m oxide layers) - AI-driven lifetime prediction models - Bio-compatible electrolyte formulations - 4D printing of anode structures - Integration with PCB substrates

Application Case

In a 3kW server power supply, 4x 450V/470 F capacitors in parallel provide 2220 F total capacitance with 14Arms ripple current handling. The design uses Nichicon U3 series devices with 6.5mm lead spacing, operating at 120 C with 95% voltage derating, achieving 8000-hour MTBF.