Embedded computers are specialized computing systems designed to perform dedicated functions within larger mechanical or electrical systems. Unlike general-purpose computers, these devices are optimized for specific tasks with constraints on size, power consumption, and processing capabilities. They play a critical role in modern technologies such as IoT, automation, and edge computing.
| Type | Functional Features | Application Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Single-Board Computers (SBC) | Compact, self-contained boards with integrated CPU, memory, and I/O | Industrial automation control systems |
| System-on-Module (SOM) | Modular components containing core processing functions | Medical imaging equipment |
| Industrial PCs (IPCs) | Robust enclosures with x86 architecture support | Factory automation and robotics |
| Microcontroller Units (MCU) | Low-power processors with integrated peripherals | Smart home devices |
| Digital Signal Processors (DSP) | Specialized for real-time signal processing | Automotive radar systems |
Typical embedded computers consist of: - Central Processing Unit (ARM/x86 architecture) - Solid-state storage (eMMC, NAND Flash) - Random Access Memory (LPDDR4/DDR5) - Power management circuits - Communication interfaces (CAN, RS-485, Ethernet) - GPIO for peripheral integration - Thermal management systems (heat sinks, passive cooling)
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| CPU Performance (GHz) | Determines processing speed and multitasking capability |
| Power Consumption (W) | Critical for battery-operated/battery-backed systems |
| Operating Temperature (-40 C to +85 C) | Environmental durability indicator |
| Memory Capacity (GB) | Affects application complexity support |
| I/O Interface Count | Dictates peripheral connectivity options |
| MTBF (Hours) | Predicts system reliability duration |
Key industries include: - Industrial Automation (CNC machines, PLC controllers) - Healthcare (MRI scanners, patient monitors) - Transportation (AVAS systems, railway signaling) - Consumer Electronics (Smart TVs, wearables) - Aerospace (Flight control systems, UAVs)
| Manufacturer | Representative Product |
|---|---|
| Advantech | UNO-2484G Industrial Computer |
| NXP Semiconductors | i.MX 8 Series Application Processors |
| Intel | Atom x6425E Processor |
| Texas Instruments | AM335x Sitara Processors |
| NVIDIA | Jetson AGX Orin Embedded AI Computer |
Consider: - Required computational throughput vs. power budget - Environmental operating conditions - Long-term software support (RTOS/Linux compatibility) - Expansion interface requirements - Certification standards (CE, FCC, ISO 13849) - Cost/performance trade-offs
Current developments include: - AI acceleration integration (e.g., NVIDIA Jetson series) - Edge computing capabilities enhancement - Energy efficiency improvements (sub-1W designs) - Increased security features (TPM 2.0, secure boot) - Standardization through COM Express and SMARC modules