Interface - UARTs (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter)

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
TL16C554FN Texas Instruments	IC ASYNC COMM ELEMENT 68-PLCC	97
TL16C2752IFNR Texas Instruments	SERIAL I/O CONTROLLER	14888
XR16V2550ILTR-F MaxLinear	IC UART FIFO 16B DUAL 32QFN	0
XR16C854DCV	QUAD UART WITH FIFO	0
SC16C652BIB48,151 Flip Electronics	UART INTERFACE IC 2CH. UART 32B	1850
SC16C654BIBM,151 NXP Semiconductors	IC UART QUAD W/FIFO 64-LQFP	795
TL16C2550IRHB Texas Instruments	TL16C2550 1.8-V TO 5-V DUAL UART	11507
SC28L91A1B,528 NXP Semiconductors	IC UART SINGLE W/FIFO 44QFP	0
TL16C550DIRHBR Texas Instruments	TL16C550D ASYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICA	0
TL16C754BPNG4 Texas Instruments	IC QUAD UART 64BYTE FIFO 80-LQFP	0
SC28L92A1A,518 NXP Semiconductors	IC UART DUAL W/FIFO 44-PLCC	568
XR88C192CJ-F MaxLinear	IC UART FIFO DUAL 44PLCC	0
LD8251A Intel	SERIAL I/O CONTROLLER	83919
PC87108AVHG	SERIAL I/O CONTROLLER	1378
XR16L2552IJTR	2.25V TO 5.5V DUART WITH 16-BYTE	1000
HD1-6402C-9	CMOS UART	298
TL16C752CIPFB Texas Instruments	IC DUAL UART W/64B FIFO 48-TQFP	126
XR16C854IV-F MaxLinear	IC UART FIFO 128B QUAD 64LQFP	3768
TL16C451FNR Texas Instruments	IC ASYNC COMM ELEMENT 68-PLCC	250
XR82C684J/44-F MaxLinear	IC UART CMOS QUAD 44PLCC	0

Interface - UARTs (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter)

1. Overview

UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) is a digital integrated circuit that converts parallel data to serial format for transmission and vice versa. It implements asynchronous serial communication protocols using start/stop bits without shared clock signals. UARTs play critical roles in device-to-device communication across industrial automation, consumer electronics, IoT devices, and automotive systems due to their simplicity, reliability, and cost-effectiveness.

2. Major Types & Functional Classification

Type	Functional Features	Application Examples
Standard UART	Basic async serial conversion, 8N1 format support	PC serial ports, sensor interfaces
Multi-channel UART	Supports multiple independent serial channels	Industrial controllers, server management
High-speed UART	Operates at >1Mbps baud rates	Wireless modems, industrial Ethernet gateways
FIFO UART	Integrated transmit/receive buffers (16-256 bytes)	Embedded systems, IoT hubs
IrDA UART	Infrared data association protocol support	Wireless payment terminals, remote controls

3. Structure & Composition

Typical UART architecture includes:

Transmitter section with parallel-to-serial converter
Receiver section with serial-to-parallel converter
Programmable baud rate generator
Control logic for data format configuration
Optional FIFO buffers and flow control (RTS/CTS)

Available in standard packages (DIP, SOIC) and QFN formats. High integration level devices may include GPIOs and clock generators.

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Importance
Baud Rate Range (110-921.6kbps)	Determines communication speed compatibility
Data Bits (5-8 bits)	Affects payload capacity
Stop Bits (1-2 bits)	Impacts timing tolerance
Parity Check (Even/Odd/None)	Error detection capability
Operating Voltage (1.8-5V)	System power supply compatibility
Package Type	PCB space and thermal requirements

5. Application Fields

Telecommunications: Modems, ISDN terminals
Industrial Automation: PLCs, SCADA systems
Consumer Electronics: Smart meters, wearable devices
Medical Devices: Patient monitors, diagnostic equipment
Automotive: OBD-II interfaces, telematics units

6. Leading Manufacturers & Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Features
TI	TL16C750B	16-byte FIFO, 1.5Mbps, industrial temp range
NXP	SC16IS752	I2C/SPI interface, 2-channel, 5Mbps
Microchip	MCP2200	USB-to-UART bridge, on-chip EEPROM
STMicro	ST16C550	256-byte FIFO, 5V tolerant I/O
Infineon	KINetis UART	Automotive qualified, LIN bus support

7. Selection Recommendations

Consider these factors when selecting UART ICs:

Match baud rate requirements with system clock capabilities
Verify data format compatibility (bits/parity/stop)
Assess interface voltage levels (3.3V vs 5V)
Evaluate operating temperature range for industrial/environmental applications
Consider package size constraints (QFN vs TSSOP)
Check FIFO depth requirements for high-speed applications
Analyze need for additional features (IrDA, LIN, GPIO)
Compare power consumption specifications for battery-operated devices

8. Industry Trends

Future development directions include:

Increased integration with wireless interfaces (Bluetooth/Wi-Fi)
Higher speed capabilities (>10Mbps) for industrial IoT
Lower power consumption through advanced CMOS processes
Enhanced protocol support (CANbus, Ethernet integration)
Smart UARTs with built-in security features (AES encryption)
Standardization of UART-over-USB solutions

Market growth driven by automotive electronics and industrial automation demands, with projected CAGR of 6.2% through 2027 (Source: Grand View Research).