Clock/Timing - Clock Generators, PLLs, Frequency Synthesizers

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
CY2071ASL-648 Rochester Electronics	GENERAL PURPOSE EPROM PROGRAMMAB	4622
PY2292SL-1T3 Rochester Electronics	CLOCKS	0
CY22393ZXC-519 Rochester Electronics	CLOCKS	1336
CY28341OC-3T Rochester Electronics	FTG FOR VIA P4/KT/KM400A CHIPSET	496
W185-5H Rochester Electronics	CLOCK GENERATOR, 75MHZ, CMOS	2420
CY2291SXL-329T Rochester Electronics	PROCESSOR CLOCK GENERATOR	1000
CY28349OC Rochester Electronics	FTG FOR INTEL 830M AND 845 CHIPS	2052
CY25901SC-1 Rochester Electronics	CLOCK GENERATOR, 44MHZ, CMOS	4850
CY2410SC-1 Rochester Electronics	VIDEO CLOCK GENERATOR, 27MHZ	2854
CY25403SXC-005 Rochester Electronics	CLOCKS	0
W203G Rochester Electronics	CLOCK GENERATOR	174
CY26121ZXI-21 Rochester Electronics	CLOCK GENERATOR, 33.33MHZ, CMOS	5947
PY28405OC-2 Rochester Electronics	CLOCK SYNTHESIZER	5650
CY22381SI-144 Rochester Electronics	TRIPLE PLL CLOCK MULTIPLIER	1625
CY2292ASI-016T Rochester Electronics	THREE-PLL TRANSISTOR EPROM PROGR	1719
CY22050ZXC-155 Rochester Electronics	GENERAL PURPOSE FLASH PROGRAMMAB	5568
CY28325OC-3T Rochester Electronics	CLOCK GENERATOR	39540
CY2292SXL-1X6 Rochester Electronics	PROGRAMMABLE CLOCK GENERATOR	5273
CY2292SL-1P6 Rochester Electronics	PROGRAMMABLE PLL CLOCK GENERATOR	5362
CY23FS04ZC Rochester Electronics	CLOCK GENERATOR, 170MHZ, CMOS	380

Clock/Timing - Clock Generators, PLLs, Frequency Synthesizers

1. Overview

Clock and timing ICs are semiconductor devices that generate, regulate, and distribute timing signals in electronic systems. Key components include Clock Generators (produce stable clock signals), Phase-Locked Loops (PLLs, synchronize signals with phase alignment), and Frequency Synthesizers (generate precise frequencies from reference signals). These devices ensure synchronization across components in modern electronics, enabling reliable operation in communication systems, computing devices, and industrial equipment.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Features	Application Examples
Clock Generators	Produce fixed or programmable clock signals with low jitter	Microprocessors, FPGAs, networking equipment
PLLs	Align output signal phase with reference input, enable frequency multiplication	Wireless transceivers, data recovery circuits
Frequency Synthesizers	Generate multiple frequencies from single reference with high precision	5G base stations, satellite communication systems

3. Structure and Components

Typical clock ICs feature: 1) Crystal oscillator interface for reference signal input; 2) Internal voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO); 3) Phase detector and loop filter (PLL components); 4) Programmable dividers; 5) Output buffers. Advanced packages include QFN (4x4mm to 8x8mm) and TSSOP with 8-48 pins. Integration levels vary from single-channel devices to multi-output clock generators with integrated EEPROM.

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Typical Range	Importance
Frequency Range	1 kHz - 3.6 GHz	Determines application compatibility
Phase Noise	-150 to -120 dBc/Hz	Impacts signal integrity
Jitter (RMS)	50 fs - 1 ps	Critical for high-speed systems
Power Consumption	10-300 mA	Affects thermal design
Temperature Stability	20-100 ppm	Ensures reliability in harsh environments

5. Application Fields

Telecommunications: 5G NR base stations, optical transceivers
Computing: Server motherboards, PCIe clocks
Industrial: Precision test equipment, motor control systems
Automotive: ADAS sensors, infotainment systems
Medical: MRI imaging systems, patient monitoring devices

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Features
TI (Texas Instruments)	LMX2594	15-GHz wideband PLL with integrated VCO
Analog Devices	AD9548	4-channel clock generator with 0.1 ppb accuracy
STMicroelectronics	CLK2692	Programmable 2-output synthesizer for automotive
Microchip	ZL30264	High-performance network synchronizer

7. Selection Guidelines

Key selection criteria: 1) Required output frequency and voltage levels; 2) Acceptable phase noise/jitter specifications; 3) Number of required outputs; 4) Operating temperature range; 5) Power budget constraints; 6) Integration level (e.g., single-chip vs. discrete VCO solutions). For wireless applications, prioritize low phase noise. For portable devices, emphasize power efficiency.

8. Industry Trends

Future developments include: 1) Higher integration with on-chip EEPROM and multi-phase outputs; 2) Advancement to sub-10fs jitter performance; 3) Development of radiation-hardened variants for aerospace; 4) Adoption of 3D packaging for reduced EMI; 5) Increased use of AI-enabled dynamic frequency scaling. The market is projected to grow at 7.2% CAGR through 2027 driven by 5G and automotive electrification.