Screws, Bolts

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
21404 Keystone Electronics Corp.	4-40 X 1/4" GRADE 2 TITANIUM SOC	0
21812 Keystone Electronics Corp.	8-32 X 3/4" GRADE 2 TITANIUM SOC	0
9344 Keystone Electronics Corp.	MACH SCREW PAN HEAD SLOTTED 8-32	14400
29358 Keystone Electronics Corp.	MACH SCREW PAN SLOTTED M4X0.7	6121500
9529 Keystone Electronics Corp.	MACH SCREW FLAT SLOTTED #4-40	117031900
2425 Keystone Electronics Corp.	SHLDR SCREW CHEESE SLOTTED #6-32	152
21405 Keystone Electronics Corp.	4-40 X 5/16" GRADE 2 TITANIUM SO	0
9546 Keystone Electronics Corp.	MACH SCREW FLAT SLOTTED #8-32	500
9457 Keystone Electronics Corp.	MACH SCREW BINDING SLOTTED #2-56	800
9419 Keystone Electronics Corp.	MACH SCREW BINDING SLOTTED #8-32	12400
2061 Keystone Electronics Corp.	SHOULDER SCREW PAN SLOTTED 4-40	1457
9520 Keystone Electronics Corp.	MACH SCREW FLAT SLOTTED #8-32	51634600
9434 Keystone Electronics Corp.	MACH SCREW BINDING SLOTTED #6-32	45991900
9351 Keystone Electronics Corp.	MACHINE SCREW PAN SLOTTED 10-32	8000
9548 Keystone Electronics Corp.	MACH SCREW FLAT SLOTTED #8-32	2400
9435 Keystone Electronics Corp.	MACH SCREW BINDING SLOTTED #6-32	1200
21908 Keystone Electronics Corp.	1/4-20 X 1/2" GRADE 2 TITANIUM S	0
9313 Keystone Electronics Corp.	MACH SCREW PAN HEAD SLOTTED 6-32	50384400
9191-3 Keystone Electronics Corp.	MACH SCREW BINDING COMBO M3X0.5	4963
9408 Keystone Electronics Corp.	MACH SCREW BINDING SLOTTED #6-32	5600

Screws, Bolts

1. Overview

Screws and bolts are threaded fasteners designed to mechanically join materials. Defined by their helical threads and head configurations, these components enable removable or permanent assemblies in engineering applications. Their importance in modern technology stems from their ability to provide high clamping forces, ease of installation, and adaptability across industries ranging from aerospace to consumer electronics.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Hex Bolt	High torque transmission, hexagonal head for wrenching	Structural steel connections in construction
Socket Head Cap Screw	Internal hex drive, cylindrical head for precise torque	Machinery assemblies requiring flush mounting
Self-Tapping Screw	Drills own thread in mating material during installation	Metal sheet joining in HVAC systems
Carriage Bolt	Dome head with square neck to prevent rotation	Wood-to-metal fastening in furniture
Anchor Bolt	Expandable end for concrete substrate anchoring	Foundation connections in industrial equipment

3. Structure and Composition

Typical configurations include: - Head (hexagonal, cylindrical, or countersunk) - Bearing surface (under-head contact area) - Shank (unthreaded cylindrical section) - Threaded portion (metric or imperial pitch) - Point (tapered or blunt end) Materials range from carbon steel (grades 4.8-12.9) to stainless steel (A2/A4), titanium, and specialty alloys. Surface treatments include zinc plating, galvanization, and phosphate coatings.

4. Key Technical Parameters

Parameter	Significance
Tensile Strength (MPa)	Determines maximum axial load capacity
Proof Load (MPa)	Maximum stress before plastic deformation
Hardness (HV/HRC)	Indicates wear resistance and brittleness
Thread Pitch (mm/TPI)	Dictates engagement quality and assembly speed
Corrosion Resistance Class	Measured by salt spray test hours (e.g., ISO 9227)

5. Application Fields

Automotive: Cylinder head bolts (torque-to-yield), wheel studs
Aerospace: NAS/AN standard fasteners in airframe assemblies
Construction: M20+ diameter bolts in steel bridges
Electronics: 0-80 UNF screws in circuit board mounting
Renewables: Wind turbine tower segment connections

6. Leading Manufacturers

Manufacturer	Key Products
Hilti Corporation	HIT-HY 150 MAX adhesive anchors
Bossard Group	Delta PT self-tapping screws for aluminum
Stanley Black & Decker	FASTORQ structural hex bolts
ARaymond	Push-on quick-connect fasteners for automotive

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations:

Material compatibility (e.g., stainless steel in marine environments)
Load requirements (static vs. dynamic loading conditions)
Environmental exposure (temperature range, chemical contact)
Installation method (manual vs. automated torque-controlled tools)
Cost optimization (balance between performance and budget)

Example: Selecting A4-70 stainless bolts for coastal infrastructure projects ensures seawater resistance while maintaining 700MPa tensile strength.

8. Industry Trends

Current developments include:

Hybrid composite fasteners for weight reduction in EVs
Smart bolts with embedded strain sensors (IoT integration)
Self-lubricating coatings reducing installation torque variability
Additive manufacturing of customized thread profiles
Sustainability initiatives: Recyclable alloy development and process energy reduction