Thermal - Heat Sinks

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
SKV808012-CU Wakefield-Vette	COPPER HEATSINK 80X80X12MM	0
960-23-15-D-AB-0 Wakefield-Vette	HEATSINK 23X15MM DIA PUSH PIN	98
960-21-33-D-AB-0 Wakefield-Vette	HEATSINK 21X33MM DIA PUSH PIN	99
960-29-21-S-AB-0 Wakefield-Vette	HEATSINK 29X21MM SIDE PUSH PIN	99
LTN20069 Wakefield-Vette	HEAT SINK BGA/PGA 16.5X16.5X8.9	0
HSF-55-24-B-F Wakefield-Vette	FANSINK 12VDC 55X55X24.1MM	116
902-21-2-23-2-B-0 Wakefield-Vette	HEATSINK 21X21X23MM PIN	110
SKV909010-CU Wakefield-Vette	COPPER HEATSINK 90X90X10MM	17
218-40CT3 Wakefield-Vette	HEATSINK ALUM BLACK SMD	0
960-29-21-D-AB-0 Wakefield-Vette	HEATSINK 29X21MM DIA PUSH PIN	91
SKV606021-AL Wakefield-Vette	ALUMINUM HEATSINK 60X60X21MM	0
231-69PABE-15V Wakefield-Vette	HEATSINK TO-220 VERT BLK	0
512-6M Wakefield-Vette	HEATSINK FOR PWR MOD/IGBT/RELAY	14
693-25 Wakefield-Vette	HEATSINK TO220 W/CLIP 25MM	234
960-29-18-S-AB-0 Wakefield-Vette	HEATSINK 29X18MM SIDE PUSH PIN	99
567-24AB Wakefield-Vette	1/8 BRICK HEATSINK 55X20.7X6.1MM	377
510-6U Wakefield-Vette	HEATSINK FOR PWR MOD/IGBT/RELAY	15
960-21-33-S-AB-0 Wakefield-Vette	HEATSINK 21X33MM SIDE PUSH PIN	88
HSF-55-30-Y-F Wakefield-Vette	FANSINK 12VDC 55X55X30.1MM	50
960-27-33-S-AB-0 Wakefield-Vette	HEATSINK 27X33MM SIDE PUSH PIN	114

Thermal - Heat Sinks

1. Overview

Thermal heat sinks are passive or active cooling components designed to absorb and dissipate heat generated by electronic devices. They play a critical role in maintaining optimal operating temperatures for semiconductors, processors, and power modules. As modern electronics trend toward higher power density and miniaturization, effective thermal management through heat sinks has become essential for ensuring reliability, performance, and longevity of systems in applications ranging from consumer electronics to industrial machinery.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Features	Application Examples
Passive Air-Cooled Heat Sinks	Aluminum/copper fins without moving parts	Desktop CPUs, LED lighting
Active Air-Cooled Heat Sinks	Fans integrated with fin arrays	Gaming PCs, industrial control cabinets
Liquid-Cooled Heat Sinks	Internal channels for coolant circulation	Data center servers, EV battery packs
Heat Pipe Heat Sinks	Vapor chamber technology for ultra-thin profiles	Smartphones, aerospace electronics
Phase Change Heat Sinks	Paraffin-based materials absorbing latent heat	Short-duration high-load applications

3. Structure and Components

Typical heat sink structures include:

Finned Arrays: Corrugated metal surfaces (aluminum extrusions or folded copper sheets) for maximizing surface area
Base Plates: Machined or forged bases with micro-channel patterns for direct component contact
Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs): Graphite pads or phase-change materials between heat sink and component
Mounting Hardware: Spring-loaded pins or adhesive backers for secure installation
Protective Coatings: Anodized finishes or nickel plating for corrosion resistance

4. Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Description	Importance
Thermal Resistance	0.5-10 C/W range depending on design	Directly impacts cooling efficiency
Material Conductivity	Al: 180-240 W/m K \| Cu: 390-400 W/m K	Determines heat transfer speed
Fin Density	5-50 fins per inch (FPI)	Affects airflow resistance and surface area
Operating Temperature	-50 C to +250 C typical range	Defines environmental suitability
Weight	50g-10kg depending on application	Critical for aerospace and mobile uses

5. Application Fields

Consumer Electronics: CPU/GPU cooling in computers, smartphone SoC thermal pads
Telecommunications: 5G base station power amplifiers, optical transceivers
Industrial: VFD motor controllers, welding equipment
Automotive: Electric vehicle (EV) battery packs, onboard chargers
Aerospace: Avionics cooling systems, satellite power modules

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Key Features
Aavid (TE Connectivity)	HiK Plate Heat Sinks	Embedded heat pipes, thermal conductivity >400 W/m K
Cooler Master	Hyper 212 RGB	4 direct-contact heat pipes, 64 CFM fan
Delta Electronics	CD7010 Liquid Cooler	2-phase immersion cooling system
Thermaltake	Floe Riing RGB 360mm	360mm radiator with RGB lighting
Boyd Corporation	Phase Change PCM150	150W thermal capacity for pulsed loads

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations include:

Calculate required thermal dissipation using Q = (T_operating - T_ambient)/R_thermal
Verify dimensional compatibility with component footprint and clearance
Assess environmental conditions (humidity, vibration, corrosion potential)
Balance performance vs cost: Extruded aluminum offers best cost/performance ratio
Consider integration with existing cooling systems (e.g., existing fan airflow rates)

Case Study: For a 150W CPU with 70 C max operating temperature and 25 C ambient, required thermal resistance must be 0.3 C/W. Recommended solution: Copper base heat sink with 6 heat pipes and 120mm PWM fan.

8. Industry Trends

Emerging developments include:

Graphene-enhanced composites achieving 500+ W/m K conductivity
3D-printed lattice structures reducing weight by 40% while maintaining performance
Smart heat sinks with embedded thermal sensors and adaptive fan control
Two-phase immersion cooling systems for data centers (up to 90% energy savings)
Microchannel liquid cooling for 5G millimeter-wave transmitters

Market forecasts predict a CAGR of 6.8% through 2030, driven by EV and 5G infrastructure demands.