1. Overview

Embedded computers are specialized computing systems designed for specific tasks within larger mechanical or electrical systems. Single Board Computers (SBCs) integrate all computer components on a single circuit board, providing a compact and self-contained solution. Computer On Module (COMs) are standardized modules containing core computing components, designed to be integrated into carrier boards for customized applications. These technologies are critical in industrial automation, IoT, robotics, and edge computing due to their reliability, scalability, and space efficiency.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

3. Structure and Components

A typical SBC includes a processor (ARM/x86), RAM, flash storage (eMMC/NOR), power management unit, and interfaces (USB, HDMI, GPIO). COMs feature a dense layout with SoC (System on Chip), DDR4 memory packages, thermal dissipation layers, and high-speed connectors. Both utilize PCB substrates with multi-layer routing for signal integrity.

4. Key Technical Specifications

5. Application Areas

• Industrial: CNC machines, PLC controllers
• Healthcare: Patient monitoring systems, diagnostic equipment
• Transportation: In-vehicle infotainment, ADAS
• Smart Cities: Surveillance cameras, environmental sensors

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

7. Selection Guidelines

Consider processing requirements, power constraints, environmental conditions, and long-term availability. For industrial applications, prioritize extended temperature ranges and RoHS compliance. Evaluate ecosystem support (OS compatibility, SDKs) and choose modular designs for future upgrades.

8. Industry Trends

Key trends include AI integration at the edge, adoption of RISC-V architecture, increased use of heterogeneous computing (CPU+GPU+NPU), and standardization of COM interfaces (e.g., SMARC 2.0). Energy efficiency improvements and cybersecurity features are becoming critical for IoT deployments.