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TVS - Varistors, MOVs

Image Part Number Description / PDF Quantity Rfq
VDRS14T420TME

VDRS14T420TME

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 680V 4.5KA DISC 16.5MM

0
VDRH07D020BSE

VDRH07D020BSE

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 33V 500A DISC 9MM

0
VDRS07B025BSE

VDRS07B025BSE

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 39V 250A DISC 9MM

0
VDRS10P275BKE

VDRS10P275BKE

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 430V 2.5KA DISC 12MM

0
VDRS07H275BKE

VDRS07H275BKE

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 430V 1.2KA DISC 9MM

0
VDRH07K350AME

VDRH07K350AME

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 560V 1.75KA DISC 9MM

0
VDRS14G025BSE

VDRS14G025BSE

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 39V 1KA DISC 16MM

0
MLV0805E32503T

MLV0805E32503T

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 41.5V 30A 0805

0
VDRH20X625BSE

VDRH20X625BSE

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 1KV 10KA DISC 23MM

0
VDRS14G040TME

VDRS14G040TME

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 68V 1KA DISC 16MM

0
VDRH14V550BSE

VDRH14V550BSE

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 910V 6KA DISC 16.5MM

0
VDRS14G030TSE

VDRS14G030TSE

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 47V 1KA DISC 16MM

0
VDRH20X510BSE

VDRH20X510BSE

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 820V 10KA DISC 23MM

0
VDRS07H250TGE

VDRS07H250TGE

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 390V 1.2KA DISC 9MM

0
VDRS07H275THE

VDRS07H275THE

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 430V 1.2KA DISC 9MM

0
VDRS05A035TME

VDRS05A035TME

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 56V 100A DISC 7MM

0
VDRS10P130TSE

VDRS10P130TSE

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 205V 2.5KA DISC 12MM

0
MLV1210E32503T

MLV1210E32503T

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 400A 1210

3840
MLV2220E32503T

MLV2220E32503T

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 41.5V 1.2KA 2220

0
VDRH07K230BSE

VDRH07K230BSE

Vishay BC Components/Beyshlag/Draloric

VARISTOR 360V 1.75KA DISC 9MM

0

TVS - Varistors, MOVs

1. Overview

Transient Voltage Suppressors (TVS), Varistors, and Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs) are critical components for protecting electronic circuits from voltage spikes and electrostatic discharge (ESD). These devices clamp excessive voltage to safe levels, preventing damage to sensitive components. TVS diodes are semiconductor-based solutions with fast response times, while Varistors (including MOVs) use nonlinear resistive materials to absorb energy. Their importance spans industries like telecommunications, automotive, and consumer electronics, ensuring reliability in environments exposed to electrical surges.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

TypeFunctional CharacteristicsApplication Examples
TVS DiodesUnidirectional/bidirectional clamping, sub-nanosecond response time, low leakage currentCommunication interfaces (USB, HDMI), microcontrollers, power supplies
Zinc Oxide VaristorsHigh energy absorption, voltage-dependent resistance, aging characteristicsPower line protection, industrial motor drives, surge protection strips
MOVsSpecialized varistors with metal oxide ceramics, optimized for AC/DC applicationsAppliances, LED lighting, renewable energy systems

3. Structure and Composition

TVS diodes employ a PN junction semiconductor structure with doping profiles optimized for breakdown characteristics. Varistors consist of polycrystalline ceramic materials (typically zinc oxide grains with additives) sandwiched between metal electrodes, encapsulated in epoxy or molded housings. MOVs use similar materials to varistors but with enhanced grain boundary engineering for improved voltage clamping. All devices incorporate termination coatings (e.g., silver, tin) for PCB mounting compatibility.

4. Key Technical Parameters

ParameterDescriptionImportance
Clamping Voltage (VCLAMP)Voltage level during surge conductionDetermines protection level for downstream components
Response TimeTime to transition from blocking to clamping modeTVS: 0.5-10 ns; MOVs: 10-50 ns
Energy Absorption (WADM)Maximum surge energy handling capabilityMeasured in joules (J), critical for industrial applications
Leakage CurrentOff-state current at rated voltageImpacts power efficiency, typically <100 A

5. Application Fields

Key industries include:

  • Consumer Electronics: Smartphone charging circuits, TV power supplies
  • Industrial Automation: PLCs, motor drives, sensor interfaces
  • Automotive: ECU protection, CAN bus interfaces, battery management systems
  • Renewable Energy: Solar inverters, wind turbine controllers

Case Study: MOVs in smart meters provide 10kA surge protection against grid transients.

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

ManufacturerRepresentative ProductKey Specifications
LittelfuseSM712-0212A, 13.3V clamping, bidirectional TVS for RS-485
BournsV14450A14mm MOV, 450VAC, 210J energy rating
STMicroelectronicsTV05C0600.5W, 6V, ultra-small TVS for IoT devices

7. Selection Guidelines

Key considerations:

  • Operating voltage vs. clamping voltage margin
  • Surge current requirements (8/20 s waveform standard)
  • Package size constraints (SMD vs. through-hole)
  • Environmental conditions (temperature, humidity)
  • Lifespan expectations (MOVs degrade with repeated surges)

8. Industry Trends

Emerging trends include:

  • Miniaturization: Sub-0201 TVS devices for mobile applications
  • Higher energy density: MOVs with >1000J/cm absorption
  • Integration: Combined ESD and surge protection solutions
  • Automotive focus: AEC-Q qualified devices for 48V systems
  • Green manufacturing: Lead-free and RoHS-compliant materials
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