Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

Part Number	Description / PDF	Quantity
HR-AAUT FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 1.5AH AA	55
HR-4UTCEX(4B) FDK America	FUJITSU AAA SIZE MIN. 750MAH 4PC	422
HR-4/3FAU(4.5AH) FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 4.1AH 4/3 FA	4343
HR-4/5AAUC FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 1AH 4/5 AA	0
HR-AUT FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 2.45AH A	61
HR-3U-2500 FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 2.3AH AA	0
HR-4/3AUT(4.0AH) FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 3.6AH 4/3 A	45
HR-AAAU FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 650MAH AAA	0
HR-4/5AU FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 1.95AH 4/5 A	295
ML2430-CJ1 FDK America	BATT LITH 3V 100MAH COIN 24.5MM	1248
HR-AACT FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 950MAH AA	0
HR-3UTGT FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 1.9AH AA	0
HR-3UWXT FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 2.45AH A	0
HR-AUC FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 1.9AH A	0
HR-DUX(10.0AH) FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 9.3AH D	0
HR-AUCT FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 1.9AH A	0
HR-D FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 6.5AH D	0
HR-4/5AAUCT FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 1AH 4/5 AA	0
HR-4U-1000T FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 930MAH AAA	0
HR-DT FDK America	BATTERY NIMH 1.2V 6.5AH D	0

Batteries Rechargeable (Secondary)

1. Overview

Rechargeable batteries (secondary batteries) are electrochemical energy storage devices that can be repeatedly charged and discharged through reversible chemical reactions. Unlike primary batteries, they form the backbone of modern energy storage systems, enabling portable electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), and renewable energy integration. Their ability to reduce long-term costs and environmental impact makes them critical in sustainable technology development.

2. Main Types and Functional Classification

Type	Functional Characteristics	Application Examples
Lithium-ion (Li-ion)	High energy density (100-265 Wh/kg), low self-discharge, long cycle life (500-2000 cycles)	Smartphones, EVs, laptops
Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)	Moderate energy density (60-120 Wh/kg), environmental friendliness, memory effect resistance	Hybrid vehicles, digital cameras
Lead-Acid	Low cost, high surge current capability, heavy weight	Automotive starters, backup power systems
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)	Exceptional thermal stability, long lifespan (2000+ cycles), lower energy density	Electric buses, solar storage, marine applications

3. Structure and Composition

Typical rechargeable battery cells consist of:

Cathode: Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) in Li-ion, Nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) in NiMH
Anode: Graphite (Li-ion), Hydrogen-absorbing alloy (NiMH)
Electrolyte: Lithium salt in organic solvent (Li-ion), Potassium hydroxide (NiMH)
Separator: Microporous polymer membrane preventing short circuits
Current Collectors: Copper (anode), Aluminum (cathode)

Cell designs include cylindrical (18650 format), prismatic, and pouch configurations with integrated protection circuits.

4. Key Technical Parameters

Parameter	Description	Importance
Energy Density	Wh/kg or Wh/L	Determines runtime and weight
Charge Cycle Life	Number of full discharge/charge cycles	Dictates longevity and cost-effectiveness
Internal Resistance	Measured in milliohms	Affects power output and efficiency
Self-Discharge Rate	Monthly capacity loss percentage	Storage performance indicator
Charging Efficiency	Percentage of energy retained during charging	Impacts operational costs

5. Application Fields

Consumer Electronics: Smartphones, tablets, wearables
Transportation: EVs (Tesla Model 3), Hybrid vehicles (Toyota Prius)
Renewable Energy: Solar+storage systems (Tesla Powerwall)
Industrial: Forklifts, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)
Military/Aerospace: UAVs, satellites

6. Leading Manufacturers and Products

Manufacturer	Representative Product	Chemistry Type
Panasonic	NCR18650B	Lithium-ion
BYD	Blade Battery	Lithium Iron Phosphate
Samsung SDI	INR18650-30Q	Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM)
Exide Technologies	Chloride SLA	Lead-Acid
LG Chem	LGDBHE21865	Lithium-ion Polymer

7. Selection Recommendations

Key considerations:

Energy Requirements: Calculate Wh needed for target runtime
Power Profile: Assess peak current demands (e.g., EV acceleration)
Environmental Conditions: Operating temperature range (-20 C to 60 C typical)
Cost Constraints: Balance upfront cost vs lifecycle value
Regulatory Compliance: UN38.3, IEC 62133 certifications

Example: Select LiFePO4 for solar storage systems requiring 5000+ cycles and wide temperature tolerance.

8. Industry Trends

Material Innovation: Silicon anodes (20%+ capacity increase), solid-state electrolytes
Fast Charging: 0-80% in 15 minutes (e.g., Tesla 4680 cells)
Recycling: EU Battery Passport regulations driving closed-loop systems
Market Growth: 12.6% CAGR projected through 2030 (Grand View Research)
AI Integration: Smart BMS (Battery Management Systems) optimizing charge cycles